Parametric Investigation of Interaction between Soil-Surface Structure and Twin Tunnel Excavation: A Comprehensive 2D Numerical Study

The growing demand for transportation tunnels in densely populated urban areas has led to the widespread adoption of twin tunnel configurations contemporary infrastructure projects. This research focuses on investigating complex interaction between soil, structures, and excavation tunnels. study employs boring machine (TBM) method utilizes two-dimensional numerical modeling based finite element (FEM). model is validated by comparing its results with field measurements obtained from a project Italy, specifically New Milan Metro Line 5. A comprehensive parametric conducted analyze various parameters that influence soil–structure during excavation. These include positioning relation each other, spacing them, presence structures above tunnels, eccentricity structure axis axis, depth diameter. Moreover, comparative analysis performed scenarios without elucidate impact phenomenon. findings provide valuable insights into intricate behavior their surrounding soil structures.